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Back Vowel Information

A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Back vowels are sometimes also called dark vowels because they are perceived as sounding darker than the front vowels.[1] The back vowels for which the International Phonetic Alphabet provides unique symbols are:

See also

References

  1. ^ Tsur, Reuven (February 1992). The Poetic Mode of Speech Perception. Duke University Press. p. 20. ISBN ://books.google.at/books?id=1yh4p69MaI4C&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=dark+vowels.
International Phonetic Alphabet
IPA topics
IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventions
Phonetics Diacritics · Segments · Tone letter · Place of articulation · Manner of articulation
Special topics Extensions to the IPA · Obsolete and nonstandard symbols · IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings SAMPA · X-SAMPA · Conlang X-SAMPA · Kirshenbaum · TIPA · Phonetic symbols in Unicode · WorldBet
Consonants
IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audio
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal
↓ Manner Bila​bial Labio​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post​alv. Retro​flex Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal
Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̪ n̥ n n̠ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ
Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я *
Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ
Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯
Non-pulmonic consonants
Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
ʘ̃ ʘ̃ˀ ʘ͡q ʘ͡qʼ
Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ
Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ
fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ
tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ
Affricates
p̪f b̪v ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ
tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ cʎ̥˔ kʟ̝̊
Co-articulated consonants
Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ
Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ
Stops k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants.
Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
* Symbol not defined in IPA.
Chart image Pulmonics · Non-pulmonics · Affricates · Co-articulated
Vowels
Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back
Close
•i y •ɨ ʉ •ɯ u •ɪ ʏ •ɪ̈ ʊ̈ •ʊ •e ø •ɘ ɵ •ɤ o •e̞ ø̞ ə •ɤ̞ o̞ •ɛ œ •ɜ ɞ •ʌ ɔ •æ ɐ •a ɶ •ä •ɑ ɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio •

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'Back Vowel' Definition

Noun

back vowel (plural back vowels)
  1. (phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the back of the mouth. Examples: "u" in “rule” and "o" in “pole”
See also
from: Wiktionary: back vowel,
Thu Apr 5 14:08:57 2012
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