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2011 Yemeni Uprising Information

The 2011 Yemeni uprising followed the initial stages of the Tunisian Revolution and occurred simultaneously with the Egyptian Revolution[17] and other mass protests in the Middle East in early 2011. In the early phase, protests in Yemen were initially against unemployment, economic conditions[1] and corruption,[2] as well as against the government's proposals to modify Yemen's constitution. The protestors' demands then escalated to calls for Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign. Mass defections from the military, as well as from Saleh's government, effectively rendered much of the country outside of the government's control, and protesters vowed to defy its authority.

A major demonstration of over 16,000 protestors took place in Sana'a, Yemen's capital, on 27 January.[18] On 2 February, Saleh announced he would not run for reelection in 2013 and that he would not pass power to his son. On 3 February, 20,000 people protested against the government in Sana'a,[19][20] while others protested in Aden,[21] a southern Yemeni seaport city, in a "Day of Rage" called for by Tawakel Karman,[22] while soldiers, armed members of the General People's Congress and many protestors held a pro-government rally in Sana'a.[23] In a "Friday of Anger" on 18 February, tens of thousands of Yemenis took part in anti-government demonstrations in Taiz, Sana'a and Aden. On a "Friday of No Return" on 11 March, protestors called for Saleh's ousting in Sana'a where three people were killed. More protests were held in other cities, including Al Mukalla, where one person was killed. On 18 March, protesters in Sana'a were fired upon resulting in 52 deaths and ultimately culminating in mass defections and resignations.[24]

Starting in late April, Saleh agreed to a Gulf Co-operation Council-brokered deal only to back away hours before the scheduled signing three times. After the third time, on 22 May, the GCC declared it was suspending its efforts to mediate in Yemen.[25] On 23 May, a day after Saleh refused to sign the transition agreement, Sheikh Sadiq al-Ahmar, the head of the Hashid tribal federation, one of the most powerful tribes in the country, declared support for the opposition and his armed supporters came into conflict with loyalist security forces in the capital Sana'a. Heavy street fighting ensued, which included artillery and mortar shelling.[26][27][28][29][30] Saleh and several others were injured and at least five people were killed by a 3 June bombing of the presidential compound when an explosion ripped through a mosque used by high-level government officials for prayer services.[31] Reports conflicted as to whether the attack was caused by shelling or a planted bomb.[32] The next day, Vice President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi took over as acting president[33] while Saleh flew to Saudi Arabia to be treated. The crowds celebrated Saleh's transfer of power, but Yemeni officials insisted that Saleh's absence was temporary and he would soon return to Yemen to resume his duties of office.[34]

Yemen

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Contents

Background

See also: 1994 civil war in Yemen Ali Abdullah Saleh had been President of Yemen from 1990 to 2011, and President of North Yemen from 1978 to 1990

Yemen has the fourth lowest Human Development Index ratings in the Arab world after Sudan, Djibouti and Mauritania.[35]

It is also facing a conflict with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula as well as a revolt from secessionists in southern Yemen,[36] who want to see the old South Yemen reconstituted. Additionally, there is also a Shia Houthi rebellion in the north of the country that wishes to be separate. Saleh has been Yemen's president for more than 30 years,[17] and many believe his son Ahmed Saleh is being groomed to eventually replace him.[37] Almost half of the population of Yemen live on $2 or less a day, and one-third suffer from chronic hunger.[38] Yemen ranks 146th in the Transparency International 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index,[39] and 15th in the 2010 Failed States Index.[40]

A draft amendment to the constitution of Yemen is currently under discussion in parliament despite opposition protests. The amendment seeks to allow Saleh to remain in the office of president for life. He urged the opposition to take part in an election on April 27 to avoid "political suicide."

The current parliament's mandate was extended by two years after an agreement in February 2009 agreement the ruling General People's Congress and opposition parties seeking a dialogue on political reforms such as: moving from a presidential system to a proportional representation parliamentary system and a more decentralised government. Neither measure has been implemented.[41]

2009 alleged internal governmental dissent

According to a WikiLeaks report released 31 January 2011, in December 2009 United States diplomat Angie Bryan claimed that there had been opposition to Saleh from his closest advisors for several months. Bryan wrote, "Like other Saleh watchers, xxxxx[42] characterizes the multitude of threats facing Saleh as qualitatively different and more threatening to the regime's stability than those during any other time in Yemen's history. 'Saleh is overwhelmed, exhausted by the war, and more and more intolerant of internal criticism. Saudi involvement comes at just the right time for him' xxxxx said. Largely unprecedented criticism of Saleh's leadership within the rarified circle of Saleh's closest advisors has increased in recent months, even including longtime Saleh loyalists such as Office of the Presidency aides xxxxx, according to xxxxx. These names add to the growing chorus of Saleh loyalists that have shed their traditional aversion to disparaging the man they call 'The Boss'".[43]

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of the 2011 Yemeni uprising

Protests

In January 2011, shortly after the popular ouster of the Tunisian government, major street protests materialized in Sana'a, the Yemeni capital, to demand governmental changes.[44] Protests spread to the traditionally restive south, with particularly aggressive protests in cities like Aden and Ta'izz.[44] Initially, demonstrators protested against a plan to amend the constitution and over the country's sluggish economy and high jobless rates.[1] However, protests grew larger by late January and took on an increasingly pointed tone of criticism toward President Ali Abdullah Saleh, with many demonstrators beginning to call openly for new leadership in Yemen.[18] including at least 10,000 at Sana'a University.[18][38]

By February, opposition leader Tawakel Karman called for a "Day of Rage" in the mold of mass nationwide demonstrations that helped to topple the government of Tunisia and put pressure on the government of President Hosni Mubarak in Egypt.[22] The protest drew more than 20,000 participants, as well as a show of force from Saleh's supporters.[20][23] Security forces responded to protests in Aden with live ammunition and tear gas.[21] After Mubarak quit power in Egypt, demonstrators celebrating the revolution and calling for a similar uprising in Yemen were attacked by police and pro-Saleh tribesmen.[45] Clerics called for a national unity government and elections to be held in six months in an effort to quell violence and place members of the opposition in government.[46] Later in the month, deaths were reported in Ta'izz and Aden after security forces attacked protesters with lethal force.[47][48] By the end of February, several major tribes in Yemen had joined the anti-government protests and protests swelled in size to well over 100,000 on several days.[49] Saleh also called for a national unity government, but opposition leaders rejected the proposal and called for Saleh to step down immediately.[50]

External videos
Raw Video: Yemeni Forces Open Fire on Protesters on YouTube
Wikinews has related news: 45 killed after Yemen protesters fired upon

In March, opposition groups presented a proposal that would see Saleh leave power peacefully,[51][52] but Saleh refused to accept it.[53] A number of prominent Yemeni government officials resigned over the violence used to disperse protests.[54] On 18 March, 45 protesters were shot dead in Sana'a,[55][56][57][58][59] an incident that prompted the declaration of a state of emergency[58] and international condemnation.[60][61] Several days later, Saleh indicated that he would be willing to leave power by the end of the year or even sooner,[62][63] but he later affirmed that he would not step down.[3][64][65] By the end of March, six of Yemen's 18 governorates were out of the government's control, officials said.[66]

Mediation attempts

In April, the Gulf Co-operation Council attempted to mediate an end to the crisis, drafting several proposals for a transition of power. Toward the end of the month, Saleh signaled he would accept a plan that would see him leave power one month after signing and provided for a national unity government in the lead-up to elections.[67] Though some protesters ballyhooed the deal, criticizing provisions that granted the president immunity from prosecution and required the opposition to join with Saleh and his ministers in the national unity government,[68] opposition leaders eventually agreed to sign it.[69] By the end of the month, though, Saleh reversed course and the government announced he would not sign it, putting the GCC initiative on hold.[70][71]

In early May, officials again indicated that Saleh would sign the GCC deal, and the opposition agreed to sign as well if Saleh signed it personally in his capacity as president.[72] However, Saleh again backed away, saying the deal did not require his signature, and the opposition followed suit, accusing Saleh of negotiating in bad faith.[73] Protests and violence across the country intensified in the wake of this second reversal by Saleh.[74][75]

In late May, opposition leaders received assurances that Saleh would sign the GCC plan after all, and they signed the deal the day before the president was scheduled to ink it as well.[76]

But Saleh once again decided not to sign, and a brief but tense standoff occurred on 22 May when Saleh's supporters surrounded the embassy building of the United Arab Emirates in Sana'a, trapping international diplomats (including the secretary-general of the GCC) inside until the government dispatched a helicopter to ferry them to the presidential palace.[77]

Uprising

Main article: Battle of Sana'a

On 23 May, a day after Saleh refused to sign the transition agreement, Sheikh Sadiq al-Ahmar, the head of the Hashid tribal federation, one of the most powerful tribes in the country, declared support for the opposition and his armed supporters came into conflict with loyalist security forces in the capital Sana'a after Saleh ordered al-Ahmar's arrest.[26] Heavy street fighting ensued, which included artillery and mortar shelling.[26][27][28][29][30] The militiamen had surrounded and blocked off several government buildings in the capital[78] and people on the ground were reporting that it looked like the situation was deteriorating into a civil war.[79]

As the situation in Sana'a was developing, about 300 Islamic militants attacked and captured the coastal city of Zinjibar (population 20,000)(see Battle of Zinjibar). During the takeover of the town, the militants killed five policemen, including a high-ranking officer, and one civilian. Two more soldiers were killed in clashes with militants in Loder.[80][81]

On day three of the fighting, military units that defected to the opposition were hit for the first time by mortar fire killing three soldiers and wounding 10.[82] By the evening, it was reported that tribesmen took control of the Interior Ministry building, SABA state news agency, and the national airline building.[83]

A ceasefire was announced late on 27 May, by al-Ahmar,[84] and the next day, a truce was established.[85]

Opposition demonstrators had occupied the main square of Ta'izz since the start of the uprising against the rule of president Saleh. The protests were for the most part peacefull. However, that changed on 29 May, when the military started an operation to crush the protests and clear the demonstrators from their camp at the square. Troops reportedly fired live ammunition and from water cannons on the protesters, burned their tents and bulldozers ran over some of them. The opposition described the event as a massacre.[86] (see 2011 Ta'izz clashes)

However, by 31 May, the ceasefire had broken down and street fighting continued in Sana'a.[87] Tribesmen had taken control of both the headquarters of the ruling General People's Congress and the main offices of the water utility.[88]

On 1 June, units of the loyalist Presidential Guard, commanded by one of Saleh's sons, shelled the headquarters of an army brigade belonging to the defected 1st Armored Division, even though the defected military units were holding a neutral position in the conflict between the loyalists and the tribesmen. The worst of the fighting was in the northern Hassaba neighborhood, where tribal fighters seized a number of government ministries and buildings. Government artillery fire heavily damaged the house of al-Ahmar and the government cut the area's electricity and water supplies. The government units, led by one of Saleh's sons, and loyalist special forces attacked but failed to recapture the Hassaba administrative building. Tribal fighters also seized the office of the General Prosecutor in the city's northwest. They were backed up by two armored vehicles from the 1st Armored Division. The Interior Ministry stated that the tribesmen had also captured a five-story building in the pro-Saleh Hadda neighborhood.[89] During the 24 hours since the breakdown of the ceasefire, 47 people were killed on both sides during the heavy street fighting,[90] including 15 tribesmen[91] and 14 soldiers.[92]

On 3 June, a rocket attack on the presidential palace left Saleh injured and seven other top government officials wounded. Saleh, the prime minister, the deputy prime minister, the parliament chief, the governor of Sana'a and a presidential aide were wounded while they were praying at a mosque inside the palace compound. Saleh was initially said to be injured in the neck and treated on the scene; later reports indicated his wounds were far more severe - including a collapsed lung and burns over 40% of his body.[93] Four presidential guards[94] and Sheikh Ali Mohsen al-Matari, an imam at the mosque, were killed.[31]

As Saleh flew to the Saudi capital of Riyadh for surgery on 4 June, a cease-fire was brokered by Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah. Reportedly, Saleh was already working out the details of a power transfer when he was wounded, making his return doubtful. However, an opposition party official told The Associated Press that international mediators, including the U.S. and Saudi Arabia, tried to get Saleh to sign a presidential decree passing permanent authority to his vice president before he left for treatment in Saudi Arabia and the negotiations delayed his departure. He was expected to remain in Saudi Arabia for two weeks: one for treatment and another for meetings with Saudi officials. His absence also increases the possibility of an even more violent power struggle between the armed tribesmen who have joined the opposition and loyalist military forces under the command of Saleh's sons and nephews.[95]

On 5 June protesters in Sana'a celebrated following the news of the president's departure. They chanted: "This is it, the regime has fallen." Sources told Al Jazeera that vice-president Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi had taken over as acting president and supreme commander of the armed forces.[96] Despite the cease-fire there were reports on the morning of 5 June of heavy gunfire and explosions in Sana'a centred on Hasaba district, a focal point of fighting in recent weeks. On the same day al-Arabiya television said that acting president Abd-Rabbu Mansour al-Hadi was due to meet members of the military and Saleh's sons. It was the first indication that Saleh's powerful sons had not also left the country.[97]

A cease-fire in Yemen's capital was at risk of unraveling on 6 June as regime supporters opened fire on opposition fighters in renewed clashes that killed at least six. The shooting took place in Hasaba district.[98]

Residents of Sanaa said the capital was quiet on 7 June. The Youth for Change who have said that Yemen was re-born when Saleh departed to Saudi Arabia decided to stage a march of millions after they heard the regime’s announcement that Saleh would return in the coming days.[99]

On June 13, the parliament and Vice President Abdrabuh Mansur reached a reconciliation agreement as young protesters called for a transitional ruling council within 24 hours.[100] The following day hundreds of thousands of protesters crowded the streets of major cities in the country demanding an end to Saleh's 33-year rule and a trial of his family and aides.[101]

Domestic responses

On 27 January, Yemeni Interior Minister Mutaher al-Masri said that "Yemen is not like Tunisia."[102]

On 2 February, President Ali Abdullah Saleh said that he would freeze the constitutional amendment process under way. He also vowed not to pass on the reins of power to his son: "No extension, no inheritance, no resetting the clock;"[103] and that he would quit in 2013.[104] He also called for national unity government.[105] He further promised direct elections of provincial governors and to re-open voter registration for the April election after complaints that about 1.5 million Yemenis could not sign on to the voter rolls.[106] On 1 March, Saleh blamed the United States and Israel over the conflict.[107]

On 10 March, he announced a referendum on moving to a parliamentary system of government would be held later in the year. A spokesperson for the anti-government protesters said this was "too little, too late."[108] He said a new constitution would guarantee the separation of legislative and executive powers and prepare for a new election.[109] On 20 March, Saleh fired the cabinet, Saleh fired all members of his Cabinet of Yemen on the same day including Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Mujawar and vice-Prime Ministers Al-Rashad Mouhmmed Alaïmy, Abdul-Karim Al-Ar'haby and Sadiq Amin Abu-Rass.[110] but asked them to remain in a caretaker role until he forms a new one.[111]

The leader of the Yemeni Congregation for Reform, the largest opposition party in Yemen, Mohammed al-Sabry, stated, "We want constitutional amendments but we want amendments that don't lead to the continuance of the ruler and the inheritance of power to his children."[1] He also doubted Saleh's pledge not to seek re-election. Al-Sabry said Saleh made a promise in 2006 not to run, but then failed to fulfill his pledge.[112]

On 23 March, Saleh, in a letter passed to opposition groups, offered to hold a referendum on a new constitution, then a parliamentary election, followed by a presidential poll before the end of 2011. The opposition groups said they were studying the offer.[113]

On 24 March, Saleh issued a statement that he "has accepted the five points submitted by the JMP, including formation of a government of national unity and a national committee to draft a new constitution, drafting a new electoral law, and holding a constitutional referendum, parliamentary elections and a presidential vote by the end of the year[114] although it was later reported that negotiations between Saleh and the opposition had stalled.[115]

On 30 March, at a meeting with Mohammed al-Yadoumi, head of the Islah party, Yemen's president has made a new offer, proposing he stays in office until elections are held at the end of the year but transferring his powers to a caretaker government, with a prime-minister appointed by the opposition. The opposition promptly rejected the offer, with a spokesman calling it "an attempt to prolong the survival of regime".[116]

Resignations from the ruling party and government

See also: Cabinet of Yemen

Arrests and repression

A television reporter in the middle of protesters in Sana'a on 3 February.

On 23 January, Tawakel Karman was detained and charged with "'inciting disorder and chaos' and organising unauthorised demonstrations and marches".[134] Karman was a leader of two student rallies in Sana'a and called for the overthrow of Saleh's regime.[41] Her husband said her whereabouts were not known.[41] Several hundred students protested outside Sana'a University demanding her release.[41] Thousands of people protested against the arrest of Karman and other protestors by a sit-in outside of the prosecutor's office. She was freed 30 hours after her arrest on parole, with the condition not to violate "public order and the law".[134] Karman returned to participating in demonstrations hours after her release.[134]

On 14 March, security forces raided an apartment shared by four Western journalists and deported them. Reporters Without Borders condemned the action and noted that two other foreign journalists were also deported two days earlier. The Committee to Protect Journalists also condemned the expulsions. They also said that two Yemeni journalists informed them that a group of twenty people, believed to be government supporters, went to the Journalists Syndicate in Sana'a a day earlier[when?] and threatened to burn it down.[135] They further said that Yemeni journalists are facing increasing harassment.[136]

International reactions

During a trip to Yemen,[when?] US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said she would be working not just at a military cooperation but also a "comprehensive strategy" aimed at resolving Yemen's "myriad problems". She also said that "Yemen recognises the threat AQAP poses to it and it has become increasingly committed to a broad-based counter-terrorism strategy. At the same time, we are committed to a balanced approach towards Yemen which includes social, economic and political assistance. We face a common threat by the terrorists in Al-Qaeda. We are focused not just on short-term threats but on long-term challenges." She also signaled a "joint vision for a unified, stable, democratic and prosperous Yemen where civil society had the room to operate and Al-Qaeda did not."[141] On 27 January, US Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs Philip J. Crowley told reporters that the US government backed the right of Yemenis to "express themselves and assemble freely".[142] The US also later said that it had hopes reform attempts would stave off protests similar to Egypt.[143] On 18 February, The Washington Post reported that the US Embassy in Sana'a wrote in a statement that it had seen "a disturbing rise in the number and violence of attacks against Yemeni citizens gathering peacefully to express their views on the current political situation", adding, "We have also seen reports that Government of Yemen officials were present during these attacks", and asked the Yemeni government to "prevent any further attacks on peaceful demonstrations".[144]
On 1 March, The New York Times reported that after cleric Abdul Majid al-Zindani, a one-time mentor of Osama bin Laden, publicly called for an Islamic state to replace Saleh, Garry Reid, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Combating Terrorism, said Saleh's government was "the best partner we'll have [against al-Qaeda], and hopefully it will survive".[145]
Financial markets

On 2 February, Brent Crude crossed US$100 on concern over instability.[146] The following day, crude oil rose for the fifth day in a row on speculation of spreading protests and the prospect of uncertainty.[147]

Regional financial stock market indices fell on 20 February on concern of spreading instability.[148]

Analysis

Use of pink

Protesters with pink signs and headwear on 3 February. Main article: Colour revolution

Yemeni protesters wore pink ribbons to symbolise the "Jasmine Revolution" and indicate their non-violent intent.[38] Shawki al-Qadi, a lawmaker and opposition figure, said pink was chosen to represent love and to signal that the protests would be peaceful.[149] The preponderance of pink ribbons in the demonstrations showed the level of planning that went into the protests.[149]

Opposition factions

See also: Political parties in Yemen

According to Al Jazeera English in late February, the deeply fractured opposition includes the Joint Meeting Parties (JMP; formed in 2002), Islah (also known as Yemeni Congregation for Reform and the major member of JMP), the al-Ahmar family, and various insurrection groups including the Houthis in the north and the South Yemen Movement in the south. These groups include socialist, Islamist and tribal elements with differing goals. Islah, which currently holds about twenty per cent of the seats in the legislature, includes some members of the Ahmar family, Yemen's Muslim Brotherhood, and Salafi preacher Abdul Majid al-Zindani, labeled a "specially designated global terrorist" by the US. The JMP also includes the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), Al-Haq, the Unionist party, and the Popular Forces Union party. The al-Ahmar sons – Sadek al-Ahmar and Hamid al-Ahmar – whose late father was a former leader of the Hashid tribal confederation, want power. The Southern Movement has temporarily dropped its calls for secession with calls for Saleh's ouster.[150]

Yemeni human-rights activists and students disagree with political parties regarding tactics for political change in Yemen. Some political parties have called for reform to take place under President Saleh, while students and human rights activists have wished to "channel the momentum of the 2010–2011 uprisings in the region."[151] In late January, a lawyer and human-rights activist involved in organising protests, Khaled al-Anesi, stated "There is a popular movement and a political movement in Yemen. But there is no support from the political parties for the popular movement, which is not organised. It is still weak and in the beginning stages."[151]

On 21 March, the Financial Times reported that in the absence of obvious candidates for the presidency, the transition of power is likely to be controlled by those who made the pre-emptive strike against him: Hamid al-Ahmar of Islah and the JMP, radical cleric Abdul Majid al-Zindani, and Islamist-allied General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar (also called Ali Mohsen Saleh).[152]

Southern groups

Southern secessionist groups said they were holding three Yemeni soldiers kidnapped towards the end of January. On 2 February, clashes in the south also resulted in three injuries.[153] A growing number of protesters in the north sees with interest the rise of the South Yemen Movement, maybe hoping that the southern secessionists may overthrow the government.[citation needed]

Al Qaeda

On 6 March, Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) claimed responsibility for the shooting of five soldiers two separate attacks during the ongoing protests. Four of the soldiers were killed in Marib province when the perpetrators opened fire on a passing military vehicle. Two of the soldiers were part of the Republican Guard. The other death was that of an army colonel who was shot as he went shopping in Zinjibar, Abyan Governorate.[154]

On 31 March 2011, AQAP declared an "Islamic Emirate" in the southern Abyan Governorate.[155][156]

Joint Meeting Parties

On 2 March, six members of the JMP issued a five-point list of demands: right to demonstrate, investigations into violence, peaceful transition of government, time schedule within current year, and dialogue with those both inside and outside of Yemen.[157]

On 4 April, the JMP issued a statement that any new regime, after Saleh's fall, would be a strong ally in the "War on Terror".[158]

Student protesters

The students have focused on secular demands for an end to corruption and oppression. Starting in February, there were concerns that Islah, part of the JMP political group, was attempting to co-opt the student protests. There were chants of ‘No GPC, No Islah’ after al-Zindani's speech on 28 February, in which he renounced President Saleh and spoke of the return of the Islamic caliphate. There were also doubts about some of the government resignations being truly in support of the student protesters.[157][159][160]

On 13 March, a coordination council of the Sana'a University protestors presented a list of seven demands, starting with the removal of Saleh and the creation of a temporary presidential council made up of representatives drawn from Yemen’s four main political powers along with one appointed by the national security and military establishment. Many members of the Revolutionary Coalition of Youth for Peaceful Change (12 organizations) and the Organization of Liberal Yemeni Youth appear to be represented by this coordination counil.[161] On 17 March they sent a letter to US President Barack Obama, copying British PM David Cameron and EU President John Bruton, explaining their group, positions and proposals.[162]

On 8 April, the Civil Coalition of Youth Revolution (CCYR), a Yemen-based civil movement which includes 52 alliances of revolutionary youth activists around Yemen representing more than 10,000 members, released its Statute Draft including its "vision, revolution objectives, principles, duties, mechanisms and goals of the interim phase".[163]

National Dialogue Committee

On 20 March, the National Dialogue Committee issued a position paper and list of demands. Their members are the JMP, independents, some General People's Congress members, and social figures including political, tribal and businessmen. It is headed by Mr. Mohammed Salem Basandwah, an adviser to the president, and Sheik Hameed Al-Ahmer of Islah is its Secretary General.[164]

Civil Bloc

On 24 March, the Civil Bloc, an umbrella group of civil society organisations, called for a transitional council of nine figures "not involved with the corruption of the old regime" to draw up a new constitution over a six-month period ahead of elections.[165]

See also

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References

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  15. ^ 150 protesters and 154 soldiers killed (by 21 May)[1] 150 killed in the ammo dump explosion,[2] total of 454 killed outside of the street fighting
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Articles
· · Arab Spring
Events by country Algeria • Bahrain • Egypt • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Lebanon • Libya • Morocco • Oman • Saudi Arabia • Sudan • Syria • Tunisia • Western Sahara • Yemen
Notable people Algeria: Abdelaziz Bouteflika • Bahrain: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa – Hasan Mushaima • Egypt: Mohamed ElBaradei – Wael Ghonim – Asmaa Mahfouz – Hosni Mubarak – Omar Suleiman – Khaled Mohamed Saeed • Jordan: King Abdullah II – Marouf al-Bakhit – Samir Rifai • Morocco: Mohammed VI – Abbas El Fassi • Libya: Muammar Gaddafi – Saif al-Islam Gaddafi – Mustafa Abdul Jalil – Mahmoud Jibril – Mohammed Nabbous • Saudi Arabia: Manal al-Sharif • Sudan: Hassan al-Turabi • Syria: Bashar al-Assad – Riad Seif – Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb • Tunisia: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali – Mohamed Bouazizi • Yemen: Ali Abdullah Saleh – Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi – Tawakel Karman – Abdul Majeed al-Zindani – Sadiq al-Ahmar
Groups Bahrain: Al Wefaq • Egypt: April 6 Youth Movement – Kefaya – Muslim Brotherhood – National Association for Change – National Democratic Party – Revolutionary Socialists • Libya: Anti-Gaddafi forces – National Transitional Council • Saudi Arabia: Umma Islamic Party • Syria: Hizb ut-Tahrir • Tunisia: Constitutional Democratic Rally • Western Sahara: Polisario Front • Yemen: Al-Islah – Hashid
Impact Albania • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Burkina Faso • Croatia • Djibouti • Greece • Georgia • India • Iran • Maldives • Mexico • People's Republic of China, Republic of China and Hong Kong • Spain • Turkey • UK • USA (Wisconsin)
Related

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 • United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 • "Ash-sha`b yurid isqat an-nizam"
Category
· · Yemen topics
History Timeline · Ancient history · Minaean · Himyar · Kingdom of Aksum · Sassanid · Islamic history · Modern history · Yemeni unification · Civil wars (North Yemen – 1994) · 2011 uprising
Politics and government Constitution · President · Prime Minister · Cabinet · Foreign relations · Elections · Political parties · Assembly of Representatives · Law enforcement · Human rights (LGBT rights)
Geography Governorates · Districts · Lakes · Rivers · Extreme points · Islands · National Parks
Economy Yemeni rial · Companies · Transport · Communications · International rankings · Tourism
Military History · Yemen Air Force · Yemen Army
Demographics Education · Ethnic groups · Languages · Religion · Cities · People · Healthcare
Media Internet domain · Newspapers · Radio · Internet usage · Television
Culture Cinema · Cuisine · Music · Public holidays · Sport · Architecture · National Museum of Yemen
Symbols Coat of arms · Flag · National anthem
Portal
· · Anti-government protests in the 21st century
Revolutions and uprisings
Arab Spring

Bahraini uprising (2011) • Egyptian revolution (2011) • Libyan civil war (2011) • Syrian uprising (2011)‎ • Tunisian Revolution (2010–2011) • Yemeni uprising (2011)
Colour revolutions

Georgian Rose Revolution (2003) • Kyrgyzstan Tulip Revolution (2005) • Ukrainian Orange Revolution (2004–2005)
Other

Kyrgyzstani revolution (2010) • Lebanese Cedar Revolution (2005)
Other
Global protests

Protests against the war in Afghanistan (2001–present) • Protests against the war in Iraq (2003–2011) • Protests against world food prices (2007–2008)
Arab Spring

Algerian protests (2010–2011) • Djiboutian protests (2011) • Israeli border demonstrations (2011) • Iraqi protests (2011) • Jordanian protests (2011) • Lebanese protests (2011) • Mauritanian protests (2010–2011) • Moroccan protests (2011) • Omani protests (2011) • Sahrawi protests (2011) • Saudi Arabian protests (2011) • Sudanese protests (2011)
Student protests

Austrian protests (2009) • Canadian strikes (2005) • Chilean protests (2006) • Chilean protests (2011) • Croatian protests (2009) • Dutch strikes (2007) • Irish protests (2010) • Puerto Rican strikes (2010–2011) • UK protests (2011) • California college tuition hike protests (2009)
Other protests

Albanian opposition demonstrations (2011) • Argentinian riots (2001) • Armenian presidential election protests (2008) • Armenian protests (2011) • Azerbaijani protests (2011) • Burkinabé protests (2011) • Cameroonian anti-government protests (2008) • Canadian anti-prorogation protests (2010) • Chinese protests (2011) • Croatian protests (2011) • French civil unrest (2005) • French pension reform strikes (2010) • Georgian demonstrations (2007) • Georgian protests (2011) • Greek riots (2008) • Greek protests (2010–2011) • Hungarian protests (2006) • Icelandic financial crisis protests (2009) • Indian anti-corruption movement (2011) • Iranian election protests (2009–2010) • Iranian protests (2011) • Israeli reserve soldiers' protest (2006) • Malaysian Bersih rally (2007) • Mexican protests (2011) • Nepalese democracy movement (2006) • Portuguese protests (2011) • Russian Dissenters March (2005–2008) • Sahrawi protests (2010) • Catalan autonomy protest in Spain (2010) • Spanish protests (2011) • Turkish Republic Protests (2007 and 2009) • Kurdish protests in Turkey (2011) • UK anti-austerity protests (2011) • US Tea Party protests (2009–2011) • US public employee protests (2011)

Categories: Arab Spring by country | History of Yemen | Politics of Yemen | 2011 in Yemen | 2011 Yemeni protests

 

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